The general perception of modern Latin American political institutions emphasizes a continuing and random process of disorder and crisis, continually out of step with other regions in their progress toward democracy and prosperity. In History of Political Parties in Twentieth-Century Latin America, Di Tella demonstrates that this common view lacks context and comparative nuance, and is deeply misleading. Looking behind the scenes of modern Latin American history, he discerns its broad patterns through close analysis of actual events and comparative sociological perspectives that explain the apparent chaos of the past and point toward the more democratic polity now developing.

Torcuato S. Di Tella is professor of sociology at the University of Buenos Aires

Preface

ix

1. The Early Setting

1

(16)

Mexico, or the Reasons of Authoritarian Liberalism

1

(2)

Cuba: A Severely Guarded Boiler

3

(1)

The Caribbean and Central America

4

(2)

The South American Upper Tier

6

(2)

Peru Seeking a "Civilista" Right

8

(1)

Bolivia and Paraguay: A Structural Contrast

9

(1)

Brazil in the Times of "Café corn Leite"

10

(1)

The Contrast between Chile and the River Plate Nations

11

(6)

2. Anarchism, Socialism, Revolutionary Nationalism: The Impact of the Mexican and Russian Revolutions

17

(26)

The Revolution in Mexico

18

(4)

The Impact in Peru: Aprismo and Mariategui's Version of Marxism

22

(2)

In Bolivia and Paraguay Flammable Materials Accumulate

24

(2)

The Difficult Cuban Apprenticeship

26

(1)

Central America: Sandino's Saga

27

(1)

The Divergent Paths of Venezuela and Colombia

28

(1)

Ideological Mutations in Brazil: Nationalism and Tenentismo

29

(2)

Chile between Alessandri and Ibáñez: First Round

31

(2)

Political Evolution in Argentina: The Radical Party

33

(4)

The Uruguayan Model

37

(6)

3. The Military and Corporatist Onslaught: From the Thirties to the Second World War

43

(28)

Argentina in the "Década Infame"

44

(2)

The Beginnings of Varguismo in Brazil

46

(4)

Chile during the Popular Front: Contrast with Argentina

50

(3)

Post-Battle Uruguay

53

(2)

The Effects of the Chaco War on Bolivia and Paraguay

55

(4)

Peru: Roots of the Antagonism between Military and Apristas

59

(1)

Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela

60

(3)

Mexico, from the Maximato to Cardenismo

63

(1)

The Revolution of 1933 in Cuba: Between Grau and Batista

63

(2)

Central America in Flames Demands a Theoretical Revision

65

(6)

4. The Postwar Dawn: Populism and Its Transformations

71

(28)

Peronist Argentina

72

(2)

Brazil: All Against Vargas

74

(2)

The Fall of Peronism and the Onset of Mass Praetorianism in Argentina

76

(4)

Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia: Confronting Populism

80

(4)

Chile and the Second Coming of Ibáñez

84

(2)

Peru and Ecuador: Variants of Populist Strategy

86

(3)

Towards a Definition of Populism

89

(3)

Venezuela, Cuba, and Colombia: The Struggle Against Militarism

92

(4)

The PRI Consolidates Its Hold on Mexico

96

(3)

5. The Sixties and Seventies: From Revolution to Military Intervention

99

(22)

The "Peruvian Revolution"

100

(1)

Revolutionary Bolivia: No News from Paraguay

101

(2)

Brazil: Radicalization under Goulart and Military Coup

103

(5)

The Unstable Argentine Military Regimes

108

(3)

Christian Democracy and the Unidad Popular in Chile

111

(3)

The End of the Uruguayan Switzerland

114

(2)

The Democratic Experience in Colombia and Venezuela

116

(1)

In Mexico Social Tensions Accumulate

117

(4)

6. The Central American and Caribbean Cauldron

121

(26)

El Salvador

121

(3)

Guatemala

124

(2)

Honduras

126

(1)

Nicaragua

127

(3)

Costa Rica

130

(2)

Panama

132

(2)

Cuba

134

(2)

Dominican Republic

136

(2)

Haiti

138

(1)

Puerto Rico

139

(1)

Jamaica and Trinidad

139

(2)

Guiana and Surinam

141

(6)

7. The Workings of Democracy: From the Eighties to the New Century

147

(34)

The Brazilian Transition

149

(5)

Diversity of Transitions: Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Paraguay

154

(10)

The Unexpected Breakdown of the Argentine Dictatorship

164

(6)

Political Openings in Uruguay and Chile

170

(3)

Party Bipolarity under Attack in Venezuela and Colombia

173

(3)

Mexico's Search for a Change

176

(5)

8. Continuity and Change in Latin American Party Systems

181

(16)

(a) The Classical Conservative/Liberal Polarity

185

(1)

(b) The Conservative/Liberal System Expanded towards Radicalism and Socialism

185

(1)

(c) The Right/Left Polarity

186

(1)

(d) Multiclass-Integrative Parties

187

(1)

(e) Middle-Class Populist Parties ("Aprista")

188

(1)

(f) Working-Class Populist Parties ("Peronist")

189

(1)

(g) Working-Class Socialist Parties ("Social Democrat")

190

(2)

(h) Social-Revolutionary Parties ("Fidelista")

192

(1)

(i) Variants of Parties of the Right

193

(1)

(j) Variants of Middle-Class Centrist Parties

194

(3)

Bibliography

197

(22)

Index

219

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History of Political Parties in Twentieth-century Latin America

9781412805100

1412805104

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