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9780415242646

Transport Processes in Concrete

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780415242646

  • ISBN10:

    0415242649

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2002-06-21
  • Publisher: CRC Press

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Summary

Transport Processes in Concretepresents a comprehensive survey of the physical and chemical processes and transport mechanisms in concrete and anlyses their significance for the movement of heat, moisture and chemical compounds. This book provides a practical methodology for researchers and practioners in the field of concrete technology and durability.

Table of Contents

Preface xi
Physical and chemical processes in concrete
1(76)
The composition of Portland cement
1(5)
Hydration processes of cement
6(5)
Hydration heat
11(4)
Properties of aggregates
15(9)
Natural aggregates
17(3)
Aggregates made of secondary raw materials
20(1)
Other components
21(3)
Structure of concrete
24(7)
Basic structure
24(2)
Models of the porous structure
26(5)
Basic physical transport mechanisms
31(16)
The continuum approach to porous media
31(2)
Coupled water vapour and water transport in the porous system
33(1)
Water vapour transport and Knudsen diffusion
33(6)
Transport of the surface phase of water
39(1)
Liquid water transport
40(1)
Phase change processes in the porous system
41(2)
Sorption isotherms
43(2)
Salt transport
45(1)
Gas transport
46(1)
Interaction of chemical compounds with the solid matrix
47(30)
Interaction with the cement binder
47(2)
Water
49(5)
Acids and hydroxides
54(3)
Salt solutions
57(5)
Gases
62(7)
Interaction with aggregates
69(3)
References
72(5)
Fundamentals of transport phenomena in chemically reacting mixtures
77(78)
Basic concepts of continuum mechanics
77(18)
Coordinates and configuration
78(1)
Motion and deformation
79(4)
Kinematics of a continuous medium
83(8)
Forces and stress
91(3)
Work and power
94(1)
Balance laws for a single continuum containing moving discontinuities
95(14)
Mass balance and the continuity equation
99(1)
Momentum principles and equations of motion
100(4)
Energy balance
104(5)
Entropy inequality
109(1)
Constitutive equations for a single continuum
109(18)
Basic concepts
110(6)
Construction of equations of state and phenomenological equations
116(3)
Examples of constitutive equations
119(1)
Heat conduction in a one-component rigid material
120(1)
Elastic material in isothermal conditions
120(2)
Viscoelastic material in isothermal conditions
122(2)
Plastic material in isothermal conditions
124(3)
Balance laws for a linear chemically reacting mixture with discontinuities
127(20)
Fundamentals of the linear theory of mixtures
127(1)
Mass balance
128(2)
Momentum balances
130(6)
Energy balance
136(9)
Entropy inequality
145(2)
Constitutive equations for a linear mixture
147(8)
References
152(3)
Models of heat, moisture and chemical compounds transport in porous materials
155(108)
Models of water and water vapour transport
155(17)
Convection models
155(4)
Diffusion models
159(7)
Diffusion models with sharp or steep interface
166(4)
Hybrid models
170(2)
Coupled heat and moisture transport
172(36)
Elementary thermodynamic model
173(8)
Convection models
181(9)
Diffusion models
190(11)
Hybrid models
201(4)
Heat and moisture transport across the interfaces
205(3)
Transport of chemical compounds
208(5)
Complex models
213(50)
Coupled heat, moisture and chemical compounds transport
213(28)
Hygro-thermo-mechanical models
241(8)
Transport processes at high temperatures
249(10)
References
259(4)
Modelling transport processes in concrete
263(58)
Commonly employed models
263(19)
Applicability limits of general models of transport phenomena in porous materials
282(8)
Recommended model of transport processes in concrete in usual service conditions
290(22)
Recommended model for concrete in severe conditions
312(1)
Requirements to the material parameters employed in the models
313(8)
References
315(6)
Experimental methods for determination of field variables and of material properties of concrete
321(140)
Field variables of heat, moisture and chemical compounds transport
321(61)
Moisture content
321(2)
Gravimetric method
323(4)
Resistance methods
327(1)
Dielectric methods
328(9)
Radiometric methods
337(4)
The nuclear magnetic resonance method
341(5)
Infrared spectroscopy method
346(1)
Chemical methods
347(2)
Ultrasonic methods
349(1)
Azeotropic distillation method
349(1)
Extraction method
349(1)
Relative humidity
349(2)
Psychrometric method
351(2)
Dew point measurement method
353(2)
Equilibrium electrolytic moisture meter
355(1)
Coulometric method
356(1)
Sorption methods
356(2)
Spectral methods
358(1)
Temperature
359(3)
Contact dilatation thermometers
362(2)
Electric thermometers
364(4)
Pyrometers
368(3)
Capillary pressure
371(2)
Salts and other chemical compounds content
373(1)
Qualitative methods used on a construction
374(1)
Sampling and sample preparation for analysis
374(2)
Determination of pH and salts content
376(3)
Nondestructive determination of salts content
379(3)
Pore distribution
382(2)
Hygric properties
384(23)
Moisture storage characteristics
384(1)
Sorption isotherms
384(1)
Water retention curves
385(3)
Moisture transport parameters
388(2)
Water vapour permeability
390(5)
Water sorptivity
395(1)
Moisture diffusivity
396(4)
Hydraulic conductivity
400(1)
Water permeability
401(1)
Simultaneous determination of moisture storage and moisture transport parameters
402(3)
Hygric expansion coefficients
405(2)
Thermal properties
407(37)
Hydration heat
407(5)
Specific heat capacity
412(1)
Mixing methods
413(1)
Relative methods
414(2)
Adiabatic heating methods
416(1)
Nonadiabatic method for high-temperature applications
416(3)
Thermal diffusivity
419(3)
Transient sourceless methods
422(2)
Point pulse source methods
424(1)
Continuous point source methods
424(2)
Line source methods
426(1)
Planar source methods
426(1)
Volume and combined source methods
427(1)
Thermal conductivity
428(1)
Steady-state methods
428(1)
Transient methods
429(2)
Indirect methods
431(1)
Solution of inverse problems with temperature dependent thermal conductivity
431(10)
Thermal expansion coefficients
441(3)
Other parameters
444(17)
Gas permeability
444(2)
Ion binding isotherms
446(1)
Salt diffusion coefficient
447(4)
References
451(10)
Examples of practical applications of computational models of heat, moisture and salt transport in the design of concrete structures
461(42)
Building physics related assessment of the envelope
461(14)
Hydration heat related problems in large-scale concrete structures
475(6)
Mathematical model
476(1)
Temperature fields
476(1)
Moisture fields
477(1)
Hygrothermal stress fields
477(2)
Computational results
479(2)
Concrete in high temperature conditions
481(5)
Salt transport induced embedded steel corrosion
486(5)
Service life prediction models
491(12)
Approaches for predicting the service life of concrete
491(5)
Recommendations for the improved service life analyses from the point of view of transport phenomena
496(4)
References
500(3)
Appendix 1 Basic mathematical relations 503(8)
A.1.1 Coordinate transformations
503(1)
A.1.2 Tensors and their basic properties
504(2)
A.1.3 Vector and tensor operations
506(3)
A.1.4 Integral relationships
509(2)
Appendix 2 Recommended data for material parameters of concrete 511(30)
A.2.1 Density and bulk density
513(1)
A.2.2 Hydration heat of clinker minerals and cements
514(2)
A.2.3 Thermal conductivity
516(4)
A.2.4 Specific heat capacity
520(3)
A.2.5 Water permeability, hydraulic conductivity and moisture diffusivity
523(5)
A.2.6 Gas permeability, gas diffusion coefficient, water vapour permeability, water vapour diffusion resistance factor
528(2)
A.2.7 Sorption isotherms and water retention curves
530(2)
A.2.8 Salt diffusion coefficients
532(2)
A.2.9 Ion binding isotherms
534(7)
References
535(6)
Subject index 541

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